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Numerical control (English name: Numerical Control abbreviation: NC) technology refers to the use of numbers, text and symbols composed of digital instructions to achieve one or more mechanical equipment action control technology. Numerical control is generally the use of general-purpose or special-purpose computer to achieve digital program control, so numerical control is also called computer numerical control (Computerized Numerical Control ), referred to as CNC, foreign countries are generally called CNC, rarely use the concept of NC. It is usually controlled by the position, angle, speed and other mechanical quantities and mechanical energy flow related to the switch. The generation of numerical control relies on the emergence of data carriers and data operations in binary form. In 1908, the perforated metal sheet interchangeable data carrier came out; at the end of the 19th century, a control system with paper as a data carrier and auxiliary functions was invented; in 1938, Shannon carried out rapid data operation and transmission at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, laying the foundation for modern computers, including computer digital control systems. Numerical control technology is closely combined with the development of machine tool control. In 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of the world machinery industry and promoted the development of automation.
Numerical control technology is also called computer numerical control technology (CNC,Computerized Numerical Control), it is the use of computer to achieve digital program control technology. This technique uses a computer to perform a sequential logic control function of the motion trajectory of the device and the operation of the peripheral device in accordance with a previously stored control program. Due to the use of computer to replace the original hardware logic circuit composed of numerical control device, so that the input operation instruction storage, processing, operation, logic judgment and other control functions, can be completed by computer software, processing the generated micro instructions transmitted to the servo drive device drive motor or hydraulic actuator to drive the equipment to run.
Traditional mechanical processing is the use of manual operation of ordinary machine tools, processing by hand to shake the mechanical tool cutting metal, by the eyes with calipers and other tools to measure the accuracy of the product. Modern industry has long been using computer digital control of machine tools for operations, CNC machine tools can be in accordance with the technical personnel in advance of the program automatically for any product and parts of the direct processing. This is what we say CNC machining. CNC machining is widely used in any field of all machining, and it is the development trend of mold processing and an important and necessary technical means.
CNC lathes, also known as CNC lathes, that is, computer numerical control lathes, are widely used in China, covering a CNC machine tool, accounting for about 25% of the total number of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tools are mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, microelectronics and information technology as one of the mechanical and electrical integration products. It is a machine tool with high precision, high efficiency, high automation and high flexibility in mechanical manufacturing equipment. The technical level of CNC machine tools and the percentage of metal cutting machine tool production and total ownership are one of the important signs to measure the overall level of a country's national economic development and industrial manufacturing. CNC lathe is one of the main varieties of CNC machine tools, it occupies a very important position in CNC machine tools, decades has been the world's universal attention and has been rapid development.
Since the advent of CNC lathes in the 1950 s, due to the use of CNC lathes to process complex-shaped parts in single-piece production and small batch production, it not only improves labor productivity and processing quality, but also shortens the production preparation cycle and reduces the technical proficiency of workers. Therefore, it has become a single piece, small batch production to achieve technological innovation and technological revolution is an important development direction. Countries around the world are also vigorously developing this new technology.
We know that for mass-produced parts, the use of automated and semi-automated lathes has been able to automate the production process. However, for single-piece, small batch production of parts, automation has always been a difficult problem. In the past quite a long period of time, there has always been no satisfactory solution. Especially in the processing of complex shapes, high precision machining parts, has been in the automation of the road in a state of pause. Although some applications have solved part of the profiling device, practice has proved that the profiling lathe still cannot solve this problem.
The emergence of CNC lathes (machine tools) has opened up a broad road to fundamentally solve this problem, so it has become an important development direction in machining.